Maobane, European Union e phatlalalitse hore mongolo oa Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, carbon tariff) o tla hatisoa ka molao ho EU Official Journal.CBAM e tla qala ho sebetsa letsatsi ka mor'a ho phatlalatsoa ha Official Journal of the European Union, ke hore, la 17 Motšeanong!Sena se bolela hore kajeno feela, tefiso ea khabone ea EU e fetile lits'ebetsong tsohle mme e qalile ho sebetsa ka molao!
Lekhetho la khabone ke eng?E-re ke u fe kenyelletso e khutšoanyane!
CBAM ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa leano la "Fit for 55" la EU la phokotso ea likhase.Morero ona o ikemiselitse ho fokotsa khabone ea linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU ka 55% ho tloha maemong a 1990 ka 2030. Ho fihlela sepheo sena, EU e amohetse letoto la mehato, ho kenyelletsa ho atolosa karolo ea matla a tsosolositsoeng, ho holisa 'maraka oa carbon oa EU, ho emisa thekiso ea likoloi tsa mafura, le ho theha mokhoa oa ho buisana le moeli oa carbon, kakaretso ea likoloto tse ncha tse 12.
Haeba e akaretsoa feela ka puo e tsebahalang, ho bolela hore EU e lefisa lihlahisoa tse nang le khabone e ngata e tsoang linaheng tsa boraro ho latela khabone ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha.
Sepheo se tobileng ka ho fetisisa sa EU ho theha litefiso tsa carbon ke ho rarolla bothata ba "carbon leakage".Bona ke bothata bo tobaneng le boiteko ba leano la boemo ba leholimo la EU.Ho bolela hore ka lebaka la melao e thata ea tikoloho, lik'hamphani tsa EU li falletse libakeng tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, e leng se entseng hore ho se be le phokotso ea tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide lefatšeng ka bophara.Lekhetho la EU la moeli oa khabone le ikemiselitse ho sireletsa bahlahisi ba ka hare ho EU ba tlas'a taolo e thata ea khabone, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa litefiso tsa bahlahisi ba batlang ba fokola joalo ka lipehelo tsa phokotso ea kantle le mehato ea taolo, le ho thibela likhoebo tse ka hare ho EU ho fetela linaheng tse litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, ho qoba "khabone e lutlang".
Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho sebelisana le mochine oa CBAM, phetoho ea tsamaiso ea carbon ea European Union (EU-ETS) le eona e tla thakholoa ka nako e le 'ngoe.Ho latela moralo oa tokiso ea moralo, meputso ea mahala ea khabone ea EU e tla tlosoa ka botlalo ka 2032, 'me ho tlosoa ha meputso ea mahala ho tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea bahlahisi.
Ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e teng, CBAM e tla qala ka samente, tšepe, aluminium, manyolo, motlakase le haedrojene.Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsena e na le khabone e matla mme kotsi ea ho lutla ha carbon e phahame, 'me butle-butle e tla atoloha ho liindasteri tse ling hamorao.CBAM e tla qala ts'ebetso ea teko ka la 1 Mphalane 2023, ka nako ea phetoho ho fihlela bofelong ba 2025. Lekhetho le tla hlahisoa ka molao ka la 1 Pherekhong 2026. Barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba tla hloka ho phatlalatsa palo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ho EU selemong se fetileng. le likhase tsa bona tse patiloeng tsa greenhouse selemo le selemo, ebe joale ba tla reka palo e tsamaellanang ea litifikeiti tsa CBAM.Theko ea setifikeiti e tla baloa ho ipapisitsoe le theko e tloaelehileng ea fantisi ea beke le beke ea litumello tsa EU ETS, tse hlahisoang ho EUR/t likhase tsa CO2.Nakong ea 2026-2034, ho tlosoa ha li-quotas mahala tlas'a EU ETS ho tla etsahala ka nako e ts'oanang le CBAM.
Ka kakaretso, litefiso tsa khabone li fokotsa haholo tlholisano ea likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha mme ke mofuta o mocha oa mokoallo oa khoebo, o tla ba le litlamorao tse ngata naheng ea heso.
Pele ho tsohle, naha ea heso ke balekane ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba EU ba khoebo le mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, hammoho le mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa khabone e tsoang linaheng tse tsoang linaheng tse ling.80% ea khabone ea lihlahisoa tsa naha ea heso tse lipakeng tse romelloang ho EU li tsoa litšepe, lik'hemik'hale, le liminerale tseo e seng tsa tšepe, tseo e leng tsa makala a kotsi a lutlang haholo a 'maraka oa khabone oa EU.Ha e se e kenyelelitsoe taolong ea moeli oa carbon, e tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo ho li-export;Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le tšusumetso ea eona.Tabeng ea lintlha tse fapaneng le menahano (joalo ka boholo ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha, matla a tlhahiso ea khabone, le theko ea khabone ea lihlahisoa tse amanang), liqeto li tla fapana haholo.Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore 5-7% ea kakaretso ea thepa ea Chaena ho ea Europe e tla ameha, 'me thepa ea thepa ea lekala la CBAM ho ea Europe e tla theoha ka 11-13%;theko ea thepa e romelloang Europe e tla eketseha ka lidolara tse limilione tse 100-300 tsa US ka selemo, e leng se ikarabellang bakeng sa thomello ea thepa e koahetsoeng ke CBAM ho ea Europe 1.6-4.8%.
Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, re boetse re hloka ho bona phello e ntle ea leano la EU la "tefiso ea khabone" indastering ea kantle ea naha ea heso le kaho ea 'maraka oa carbon.Ha re nka mohlala oa indasteri ea tšepe le tšepe, ho na le lekhalo la 1 tonne lipakeng tsa boemo ba khabone ea naha ea heso ka tone ea tšepe le EU.Ho koala sekheo sena sa tlhahiso, likhoebo tsa naha ea heso tsa tšepe le tšepe li hloka ho reka litifikeiti tsa CAM.Ho ea ka likhakanyo, mochine oa CBAM o tla ba le tšusumetso ea li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 16 khoebong ea tšepe ea naha ea heso, ho eketsa litefiso ka li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2,6, ho eketsa litšenyehelo ka li-yuan tse ka bang 650 ka tone ea tšepe, le sekhahla sa moroalo oa lekhetho hoo e ka bang 11%. .Ntle le pelaelo sena se tla eketsa kgatello ya diyantle hodima dikgwebo tsa naha ya heso tsa tshepe le tshepe le ho kgothalletsa phetoho ya tsona ho ntshetsopele ya khabone e tlase.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kaho ea 'maraka oa khabone naheng ea heso e ntse e qala, 'me re ntse re hlahloba mekhoa ea ho bonts'a litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea khabone ka' maraka oa carbon.Boemo ba hajoale ba theko ea khabone ha bo khone ho bonts'a boemo ba litheko tsa likhoebo tsa lehae ka botlalo, 'me ho ntse ho na le lintlha tse ling tseo e seng tsa litheko.Ka hona, ha ho etsoa leano la "carbon tariff", naha ea heso e lokela ho matlafatsa puisano le EU, 'me ka ho utloahalang e nahane ka pontšo ea lintlha tsena tsa litšenyehelo.Sena se tla netefatsa hore diindaseteri tsa naha ya heso di ka sebetsana hantle le diphephetso tse tobane le “ditefiso tsa khabone”, mme ka nako e tshwanang di kgothaletse ntshetsopele e tsitsitseng ya kaho ya mmaraka wa khabone naheng ya heso.
Ka hona, bakeng sa naha ea rona, sena ke monyetla ebile ke phephetso.Likhoebo tsa lehae li hloka ho tobana le likotsi, 'me liindasteri tsa setso li lokela ho itšetleha ka "ntlafatso ea boleng le phokotso ea khabone" ho felisa litlamorao.Ka nako e ts'oanang, indasteri ea theknoloji e hloekileng ea naha ea heso e ka tlisa "menyetla e tala".CBAM e lebelletsoe ho Khothalletsa thomello ea liindasteri tse ncha tsa matla tse kang photovoltaics naheng ea China, ho nahanoa ka lintlha tse kang khothatso ea Europe ea tlhahiso ea lehae ea liindasteri tse ncha tsa matla, tse ka bakang keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea lik'hamphani tsa China ho tsetela ho mahlale a matla a hloekileng. Europe.
Nako ea poso: May-19-2023